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Sigma vs. Tau
1 Access Groph
flccpptable Values: 2 TO W)
To return to ■COMPUTED SESULTS
1
[ Pr
Introduction
The Sigma vs. Tau function calculates fractional frequency deviation
(a) as a function of averaging time or measurement time (r) over
the range of r permitted by the available phase noise data. This
calculation requires that parameters N, T, and f
h
(cutoff frequency)
be specified.
• N is the number of frequency averages used to compute the mean
frequency for the calculation of a.
• T is the total time period (dwell plus samples).
• r (tau) is the averaging time selected (sample time, measurement
time).
• Cutoff Fr. (f
h
) is the measurement system bandwidth.
rev.05SEP89
Sigma vs. Tau 4-9
- Software 3
- Versions 3
- Volume 1 Contents 4
- Chapter 4, Computed Outputs 5
- Volume 2 Contents 6
- Chapter 7, Quick Reference 7
- Chapter 8, Messages 7
- Index 3 10
- 4 Index 11
- Index 5 12
- 6 Index 13
- Index 7 14
- 8 Index 15
- 10 Index 17
- Index 10.1 18
- Index 13 21
- 14 index 22
- Freq, 3-4 23
- 16 Index reu.05SEP89 24
- Index 17 25
- Softkey Index 26
- 2 Softkey Index 27
- Int. Adj'mnt 28
- Test Ail 28
- General Information 46
- HP 3048A Description 47
- Genera! Information 1-3 48
- Documentation Updating 49
- Software Updating 50
- New Software Releases 51
- Software Status Bulletin 51
- Software Release Bulletin 51
- Documentation Updates 51
- Guide to System Flexibility 52
- HP 3048A System Options 53
- Desktop Computers 54
- Computer Accessories 54
- Disc Drives 55
- Spectrum Analyzers 55
- Printers/Plotters 55
- General Information 1-11 56
- HP 3048A 57
- Specifications 57
- Spurious Responses (dBnil 59
- ^\J 1 1 59
- * HP 8663A Option 003 only 62
- :hp!P 3B4aW Ca 62
- Amplitude 63
- Modulation 63
- Specified only with FM off 64
- Specification 65
- " s^ 65
- * HP 8642B only 67
- HP8642Boniy 68
- Measurement Definitions 71
- Type/Range 72
- Measurement Type 73
- Type/Range 2-5 74
- 2-6 Type/Range 75
- AM Noise Measurements 76
- Baseband Measurements 77
- 2-10 Type/Range 79
- 5 0 Oh*! 80
- Averages 81
- Instr. Params 82
- Frequency Parameters 83
- Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 2-15 84
- VCO Tune Port Parameters 85
- The Peak Tuning Range 87
- Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 2-19 88
- Noise Floor Level 89
- Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 2-21 90
- Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth 91
- £(f) [dBc/Hz] vs. f[Hz] 92
- VCO Tuning Linearity 93
- Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 2-25 94
- 2-26 Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 97
- Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 2-29 98
- 2-30 Instr. Params: $N w/PLL 99
- Define Msrmnt 100
- Detector Selection 102
- External Detectors 103
- AM Noise 107
- AM Detector Considerations 109
- Calibr Process 110
- Introduction 110
- The Phase Detector Constant 112
- Parameter Entry Descriptions 113
- ->r-> 114
- -t-Jy— 114
- .1V/div 115
- 1 E - 6 X T>„ 119
- VCO Tuning Constant 121
- Description 123
- information about the 124
- 3 _4'"i fl:[B-: 126
- Entering a Detector Constant 128
- Constant 129
- +/- DC Peak Method 131
- <-60 oBc 137
- Spur Method 139
- <:-60 dec 141
- Define Msrrnnt 144
- L Port Signal Level 147
- -i_n_n_r 150
- Constant Calibration Method 151
- J<& 154
- Calibration Method 155
- Deviation Method 156
- Diode Detector Voltage {Vdc) 159
- Source Control 171
- Lock Loop Measurement 174
- PHASE LOCK LOOP 175
- Place DUTs 176
- Discriminator Measurement 180
- DC Block: 182
- Define Graph 184
- the results in dBc 186
- 2-118 Define Graph 187
- Define Graph 2-118.1 188
- Define Graph 2-119 189
- Test Files 190
- System Preset 191
- 2-122 Test Files 191
- Softkey Descriptions 192
- How to Manage the Test Files 194
- Loading a Test File 195
- Creating a Directory 195
- Graphics Functions 197
- !D HWn Mk' 198
- Param Summary 3-5 200
- 3-6 Param Summary 201
- Param Summary 3-7 202
- 3-8 Param Summary 203
- Param Summary 3-9 204
- Param Summary 3-11 206
- 3-12 Param Summary 207
- Access Graph 208
- Update Dir 210
- Result Files 3-14.1 210
- Result Files 3-15 211
- Storing a Result File 212
- Loading a Result File 213
- Define Graph 3-20.1 217
- Define Graph 3-21 218
- Marker ON/OFF 219
- Slope Lines 221
- How to Create Slope Lines 223
- How to Label Slope Lines 223
- Plotters 224
- Plot w/o Spurs 225
- K^> 227
- Computed Outputs 228
- Integr Noise 229
- df (without units) 230
- 4-8 Integr Noise 234
- Sigma vs. Tau 235
- (f) = ^S*(/) 238
- Normalized Bandwidth 240
- Bandwidth 241
- 3 Osc. Compar 243
- Measurement Uncertainty 244
- Function 246
- Compar 247
- 4-26 2 Osc. Compar 250
- Spur List 251
- Jitter 4-29 253
- Time domain Phase Jitter 254
- radians 254
- Time Jitter 255
- Time Domain 255
- Scale Data 256
- Shift Data 257
- Input Power at Amplifier 258
- Special Functions 260
- Test Mode 261
- Funct'n 261
- Phase Lock Loop Suppression 263
- PLL Suppression Parameters 263
- 5-6 Test Mode 264
- Test Mode 5-7 265
- Ignore Out Of Lock Mode 266
- Funct'n 267
- Carrier Type 5-11 269
- FFT Segmnts 270
- Minimum Averaging 272
- Time Record Length 274
- the FFT 275
- Segment Table 275
- Decreasing Measurement Time 276
- Measuring 276
- Offsets 276
- FFT Segmnts 5-21 277
- 5-22 FFT Segmnts 278
- The Default Table Values 280
- RF Segmnts 5-25 281
- Video Bandwidth 282
- Sweep Time 283
- Funct'n 284
- How to Use Noise Monitor 287
- For a Continuous Display 288
- AVG OFF NEXT TRACE 289
- FORMAT SINGLE 289
- 11848A Control 290
- Control 292
- Moving the Cursor 294
- Entering Field Values 294
- Manipulating Rotary Switches 294
- Sending Commands 295
- The Clear Functions 295
- Z\ >^-Q 296
- ?"?"" 299
- 3048A Sys Chk 300
- The Calibration Routines 302
- Clearing Caldata 303
- System Configuration 305
- RF Sources 307
- Considerations When Choosing 310
- RF Source 310
- 6-8 RF Sources 311
- W OUT ■ 312
- IN RF OUT " 312
- / Tune 313
- DCFM Voltage 313
- Ref. Tine Down 313
- Source Elase Conver i 313
- F»F OUT • 314
- RF Sources 6 316
- """ 317
- HP 8642A Performance 319
- ■ MP 8B42B DHSy 319
- Tuning the HP 8642A/B 320
- HP 8656B Performance 321
- I I I I 322
- HP 11729C Performance 323
- RF Sources 6-21 324
- System Config 325
- RF Analyzers 6-25 328
- Plotted Range 329
- Measurement Range 329
- 6-28 RF Analyzers 331
- RF Analyzers 6-29 332
- Down Converters 333
- 11729C Specs 335
- 6-34 Down Converters 336
- Specified Noise 337
- r T"' T 11 338
- DC FM vs. EFC or 10 MHz A/B 339
- 1 1729C 340
- "1 341
- 6-40 Down Converters 342
- "c 343
- F?F OUT ■ 344
- Down Converters 6-43 345
- Counter 347
- Digital Voltmeters 6-47 348
- Controllers 350
- 't 352
- Manage Caidata the 354
- Mass Storage Devices 6-53 354
- Plotter 355
- Plotter 6-57 357
- 358
- How to Set the System Clock 359
- Additional Equipment 362
- Amplifiers 363
- Phase Shifter 363
- 0° Power Splitters 363
- Couplers 363
- DC Blocks 363
- Printers 364
- "V 366
- Quick Reference 367
- ../■■■\i—'..r-\! 371
- £(f) [dBc/Hz] vs. f [Hz] 372
- MEASUREMENT 373
- MEASUREMENT RESULT 375
- X(f) [dBc/Hz] vs. f [Hz] 376
- '] T 377
- Diode Detector Voltage (Vdc) 378
- :e - .5 385
- 'AMPU 387
- 100K 1M 10M 40M 388
- II II I 1 II II II II IS ! 1 390
- "TT 391
- ■SmiMPU 393
- TUNE PORT 393
- KHZ PTR 395
- Quick Reference 7-29 395
- Messages 396
- T A p T : a H _■ - 1 398
- * Lag/Lead Filter Number 399
- tnan tn 400
- -t-> 403
- > "□ 407
- > TJ 408
- - + - / 409
- > T3 410
- Action: 411
- New Msrmnt 414
- The LNA 420
- Proceed Theor 422
- II II II II II II II 423
- ■*-> 426
- Is Assumed to be 427
- Appropriate for the 427
- Phase Detector 427
- Index 1 437
- 2 Index 438
- 12 Index 448
- 14 Index 450
- 16 Index rev.05SEP89 452
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